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Theobald (Thibaud) of Vienne May 21 + 1001. Archbishop of Vienne in France 970-1001.

Rambold (Ramnold) June 17 + 1001. A monk at St Maximinus in Trier in Germany, he Abbot of St Emmeram in Regensburg. He reposed at the age of one hundred.

Wulsin Jan 8 + 1002. A monk whom St Dunstan loved as a son and made Abbot of Westminster in 980. In 993 he became Bishop of Sherborne.

Podius May 28 + 1002. From Tuscany, he became a priest and then Bishop of Florence in Italy from 990.

Callistus Oct 15 + 1003. Born in Huesca in Spain, together with St Mercutialis he went to France and was killed by the Saracens.

Gaudentius of Gnesen Jan 5 + c 1004. Younger brother of St Adalbert of Prague and also a monk at the monastery of Sant' Alessio on the Aventine in Rome. He escaped the massacre in which his brother was martyred by the pagan Prussians and in 1000 became first Archbishop of Gnesen in Poland.

Nilus the Younger Sept 26 + 1004. After a carefree youth in the south of Italy, he became a monk at the monastery of St Adrian in Calabria, where he later became abbot. In 981 the invading Saracens drove the monks to Vellelucio, where they lived on land given to them by the monastery of Montecassino. Shortly before his repose, Nilus designated that as the place where his monastery was to be definitively established. This monastery, of Grottaferrata, was for long faithful to Orthodoxy.

Aderald Oct 20 + 1004. Born in Troyes in France, he went on pilgrimage to Palestine, returned with many holy relics and built the monastery of the Holy Sepulchre at Samblières.

Abbo Nov 13 c 945-1004. Born near Orleans in France, he became a monk at Fleury (St Benoît-sur-Loire). Invited by St Oswald of Worcester to take charge of the monastery of Ramsey in England, he stayed there for two years (985-7) and wrote the Life of St Edmund. He then became Abbot of Fleury 988. He was martyred in La Réole in Gascony.

Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac and Christinus (Christian) Nov 12 + 1005. Monks from Italy who followed St Adalbert of Prague and were murdered by thieves at their monastery near Gnesen in Poland.

Alfric (Aelfric) Nov 16 + 1005. A monk and Abbot of Abingdon and later Bishop of Wilton and twenty-ninth Archbishop of Canterbury in 995. He governed the Church ably in the critical times of the Danish invasion of Kent.

Adalbero Dec 15 + 1005. A monk at the monastery of Gorze in France, he became Bishop of Verdun but was transferred to Metz.

Fulcran Feb 13 + 1006. Bishop of Lodève in Languedoc in France, famous for his asceticism. He was bishop for over half a century.

Froilan Oct 3 + 1006. Born in Lugo in Spain, together with his companion Attilanus he helped restore monastic life at Moreruela in Castile. Later he became Bishop of Léon.

Kennocha (Kyle, Enoch) March 25 + 1007. A nun at a convent in Fife. She was held in great veneration in Scotland, especially around Glasgow.

Peter of Perugia July 10 + 1007. Peter Vincioli was born near Perugia in Italy and founded the monastery of St Peter there.

Justus of Poland July 9 + 1008. One of four hermit-brothers in Poland - Sts Benedict, Andrew, Barnabas and Justus.

Bruno-Boniface June 19 and Oct 15 + 1009. Born in Querfurt in Germany, he accompanied the half-Greek Emperor Otto III to Italy in 996 and became a monk there. He became Archbishop of Mersburg and was sent to enlighten the heathen Prussians. He was martyred with eighteen companions.

Arduinus Aug 15 + 1009. A priest in Rimini in Italy who lived as a hermit and ended his days in the monastery of San Gudenzio.

Attilanus Oct 5 c 939-1009. Born in Tarazona near Saragossa in Spain, he became a monk at Moreruela with St Froilan. The two dioceses of Le6n and Zamora vacant, Froilan was appointed to the former and Attilanus to the latter and they were consecrated together at Pentecost 990.

Ansfridus May 3 + 1010. Count of Brabant in Belgium, in 992 he built the convent of Thorn for his daughter and wife, himself wishing to become a monk. Instead he was made Archbishop of Utrecht in Holland. As such, he founded the monastery of Hohorst (Heiligenberg) and, when stricken with blindness, went there, fulfilling his ambition of living as a monk and reposing there.

Andrew Zorard July 17 + c 1010. Born in Poland, he lived as a hermit on Mount Zobar in Hungary.

Atto Nov 19 + c 1010. First Abbot of Tordino near Teramo in Italy.

Gulstan (Gustan, Constans) Nov 29 + c 1010. A monk at St Gildas of Rhuys in Brittany.

Willigis Feb 23 + 1011. The son of a wheelwright, he became a priest at Hildesheim in Germany. Two years later he became Archbishop of Mainz. Although a statesman, Willigis was first and foremost a churchman and always remained humble and charitable to others.

Macarius of Antioch Apr 10 + 1012. Born in Antioch, he was a bishop who travelled westwards as a pilgrim and was received by monks at the monastery of St Bavo in Ghent in Belgium.

Alphege the Martyr Apr 19 954-1012. A monk at Deerhurst in Gloucestershire in England, then Abbot of Bath, he became Bishop of Winchester in 984 and thirtieth Archbishop of Canterbury in 1005. He was greatly loved by his flock and during the Danish invasion of 1011 he was urged to pay a ransom. He refused, was taken prisoner and martyred in Greenwich, the only Orthodox Archbishop of Canterbury to be martyred. His relics were enshrined in St Paul's in London and later in Canterbury.

Benedict of Szkalka May 1 + 1012. A hermit on Mount Zobor in Hungary. He was a disciple of St Andrew Zorard. Renowned for his asceticism, he was murdered by robbers in 1012.

Guy Sept 12 + c 1012. Called 'the Poor Man of Anderlecht'. He was born in Brabant in Belgium and was sacrist of Our Lady of Laken. Afterwards he lived for seven years in the Holy Land. He returned to Anderlecht near Brussels where he reposed.

Colman of Stockerau Oct 13 + 1012. Born in Ireland, he was going through Austria on his way to the Holy Land, when he was arrested as a spy, tortured and hanged with evildoers in Stockerau near Vienna. Miracles were worked by his relics and he was venerated as a saint. He is honoured as one of the patron-saints of Austria.

Bean Oct 26 + c 1012. Bishop of Mortlach in Banff in Scotland, he later preached in Aberdeen.

John Vincent Dec 21 + 1012. Born in Ravenna in Italy, he became a monk at St Michael in Chiusa and then a hermit on Monte Caprario. Finally he became bishop nearby.

Libentius (Liäwizo) Jan 4 938-1013. Born in Swabia in Germany, he became Bishop of Hamburg in 988.

Adelaide Feb 5 + c 1015. Abbess of Willich near Bonn in Germany and of Our Lady of the Capitol in Cologne. Both convents were founded by her father.

Walstan May 30 975-1016. Born at Bawburgh in Norfolk in England, he spent his life as a farm labourer in Taverham and Costessey, being remarkable for his charity to all in need.

Simeon of Padolirone July 26 + 1016. An Armenian hermit, he went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Rome, Compostella and Tours. He was renowned for the miracles he worked on these journeys. Finally he settled at the monastery of Padolirone near Padua in Italy.

Gormcal Aug 5 + 1016. Abbot of Ardoilen in Galway in Ireland.

Ednoth (Eadnot) Oct 19 + 1016. A monk at Worcester and Abbot of Ramsey in England. In 1006 he became Bishop of Dorchester. He was killed by the Danes and is sometimes called a martyr.

Osburgh (Osburga) March 30 + c 1018. First abbess of the convent founded by King Canute in Coventry in England.

Heimrad June 28 + 1019. A priest at Baden in Germany who after many pilgrimages lived as a monk at Hersfeld and then as a hermit at Hasungen in Westphalia.

Frederick of Arras Jan 6 + 1020. Son of the Count of Verdun in France, he gave his inheritance to the Bishop of Verdun. He then set out for Palestine and on his return became a monk at St Vanne and later St Vedast in Arras.

Firmian (Fermanus, Firminus) March 11 + c 1020. Abbot of San Sabino Piceno near Fermo in Italy.

Herveus (Hervé) of Tours Apr 16 + 1021. Born in Touraine in France, he became a monk at the monastery of St Martin of Tours and lived as a hermit.

Wifred Dec 13 + 1021. A monk and abbot of the monastery of St Victor in Marseilles in France.

Theodoric II of Orleans Jan 27 + 1022. A monk at Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in Sens in France, he became Bishop of Orleans.

Heribert March 16 + 1022. Born in Worms in Germany and a monk at Gorze in France, he became Archbishop of Cologne. He was an outstanding churchman, learned, zealous and enterprising. He built the monastery of Deutz on the Rhine, where he was buried.

Bernward (Berward) Nov 20 + 1022. Bishop of Hildesheim in Germany from 993, he excelled as an architect, painter, sculptor, decorator and metalsmith. He was also a tutor of the half-Greek Emperor Otto III.

Stephen of Cajazzo Oct 29 935-1023. Born in Macerata in Italy, he became Abbot of San Salvatore Maggiore and in 979 Bishop of Cajazzo. He is now venerated as the main patron of that city.

Agatha Feb 5 + 1024. Wife of the Count of Carinthia in Austria, she was a model of devotion and patience under the brutal ill-treatment of her jealous husband whom she later converted.

John Gradenigo Dec 5 + 1025. A nobleman from Venice in Italy who became a monk in Cuxa in the Catalonian Pyrenees in Spain. After many trials, he reposed as a hermit near Montecassino.

Burchard Aug 20 + 1026. Born in Hesse in Germany, he became a monk at Lobbes in Belgium. In 1006 he was forced to become Bishop of Worms where he was a canonist.

Bononius Aug 30 + 1026. Born in Bologna in Italy, he became a monk at St Stephen's. Later he became Abbot of Lucedio in Piedmont.

Stephen of Perugia Sept 16 + 1026. Third Abbot of St Peter in Perugia in Italy.

Romuald June 19 c 951-1027. Born in Ravenna in Italy, in his youth he saw his father commit a murder and resolved to repent for it by becoming a monk at Classe near Ravenna. In 996 he became abbot of that monastery. However, he left it in 999 and led a wandering life, establishing hermitages and monasteries, among them Camaldoli near Arezzo in 1009.

Aurelia Oct 15 + 1027. A princess who lived for fifty-five years as an anchoress in Strasbourg in France.

Ulfrid (Wolfred, Wilfrid) Jan 18 + 1028. Born in England, he became a missionary in Germany and Sweden. He was martyred for destroying an image of Thor.

Hilsindis May 4 + 1028. A widowed noblewoman who founded the convent of Thorn on the Marne in France.

Olav of Norway (Olaf, Tola) July 29 995-1030. Son of King Harald of Norway. His early youth was spent as a pirate but in 1010 he was baptised in Rouen in France and in 1013 he helped Ethelred of England against the Danes. In 1015 he succeeded to the throne of Norway and at once called missionaries, mainly from England, to enlighten his homeland. He succeeded in part but was driven from his kingdom. In an attempt to recover it, he fell in battle at Stiklestad. In Norway he is regarded as the champion of national independence.

William of Dijon Jan 1 962-1031. William was born near Novara in Italy and became a monk near Vercelli, from where he went to France. Here he was sent to restore the monastery of St Benignus in Dijon, Gentle with the poor, he showed great firmness in his dealings with the great. Towards the end of his life he founded the monastery of Fruttuaria in Piedmont and rebuilt that of Fécamp.

Dominic of Sora Jan 22 + 1031. Born in Foligno in Italy, he became a monk and founded several monasteries - at Scandrilia, Sora, Sangro, and elsewhere near Naples. He died in Sora in Campania at the age of eighty.

Adalgott Oct 26 + 1031. A monk at Einsiedeln and from 1012 Abbot of Dissentis, both of which monasteries are in Switzerland.

Emeric Nov 4 1007-1031. Son of St Stephen, the first Christian King of Hungary. He was a disciple of St Gerard Sagredo of Czanad but died before he could inherit the crown.

Girald (Girard, Giraud) Dec 29 + 1031. A monk at Lagny in France and later Abbot of Saint-Arnoul, he became Abbot of Fontenelle where he was murdered.

Lolanus Sept 2 + c ? 1034. A bishop in Scotland.

Simeon of Trier June 1 + 1035. Born in Syracuse in Sicily and educated in Constantinople, Simeon lived as a hermit by the Jordan. He became a monk in Bethlehem and later lived near Mt Sinai as a hermit, first in a small cave near the Red Sea and then on the summit of Mt Sinai. From there he was sent by the Abbot of Mt Sinai to seek alms in Normandy. Eventually he settled in Trier in Germany, one of the last great figures linking the Orthodox West with the Orthodox East

Hermengaudius (Armengol) Nov 3 + 1035. Bishop of Urgell in Spain from 1010 till 1035. He built the Cathedral there.

Astericus (Astricus, Ascrick) Nov 12 + c 1035. Born in Czechia, he became a monk and accompanied St Adalbert in the Czech mission. He became the first Abbot of Brevnov but had to flee to Hungary where he became the first Abbot of Pannonhalma, recently founded by King Stephen, and Archbishop of Kalocsa. Anastasius was the King's ambassador and brought the holy crown of Hungary to St Stephen.

Meinwerk June 5 + 1036. He became Bishop of Paderborn in Germany in 1009. On account of his building activities, he was called 'the bishop-builder'.

Sebastian Dec 30 + c 1036. A monk who became Archbishop of Esztergom (1002) and Primate of Hungary in the time of St Stephen.

Felix of Rhuys March 4 + 1038. Born near Quimper in Brittany, he became a hermit on Ouessant and afterwards a monk at Fleury (Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire) in France. He restored the monastery of Rhuys, founded by St Gildas, which had been destroyed by the Vikings.

Lyutius July 28 + c 1038. A monk at Montecassino who died as a hermit at La Cava in Italy.

Stephen of Hungary Aug 16 + c 935-1038. On the death of his father, Geza (997), Stephen became King of Hungary. He had married Gisela, a sister of the Emperor Henry II in 995, and they set about enlightening their people. Stephen gradually welded the Magyars into national unity. He organised dioceses and founded monasteries (among them Pannonhalma, which still exists). The declining years of St Stephen were darkened by many misfortunes and difficulties, though he never ceased to be just, kind and merciful. To this day the Magyars consider him their greatest national saint and hero.

Ethelnoth Oct 30 + 1038. Called 'the Good' and famed for his wisdom, he was a monk at Glastonbury in England, before becoming thirty-second Archbishop of Canterbury in 1020.

Cunegund March 3 + 1039. Wife of Henry II, she founded the convent of Kaufungen, which she entered on the first anniversary of her husband's death, showing great humility.

Regimbald (Reginbald, Regimbaut) Oct 13 + 1039. A monk at the monastery of Sts Ulric and Afra in Augsburg in Germany. In 1015 he moved to the monastery of Edersberg. In 1022 he became Abbot of Lorsch and later founded the monastery of Heiligenberg and in 1032 he became Bishop of Speyer.

Winaman, Unaman and Sunaman Feb 15 + c 1040. Monks and nephews of St Sigfrid whom they followed to Sweden. They were martyred by pagans.

Fortis Gabrielli May 13 + 1040. Born in Gubbio in Umbria in Italy, he became a hermit in the mountains near Scheggia, but was later attached to the monastery of Fontavellana.

Malrubius Aug 27 + c 1040. An hermit in Merns in Kincardineshire in Scotland, martyred by Norwegian invaders.

William of Peñacorada March 20 + c 1042. Monk at the monastery of Satagún in León in Spain. In 988 he fled with the other monks from the Saracens and settled at Peñacorada, where he built the monastery of Santa Maria de los Valles, later named after him San Guillermo de Peñacorada.

Elias Apr 16 + 1042. Born in Ireland, he became monk and abbot in 1020 of the Irish monasteries of St Martin the Great and St Pantaleon in Cologne in Germany.

Amnichad (Amnuchad) Jan 30 + 1043. Born either in Ireland or in Scotland, he travelled to Germany and became a monk and then a hermit at Fulda.

Hallvard (Halward) May 14 + c 1043. Of the royal family of Norway, he met his death while defending a woman who had appealed to him for help. He is the patron-saint of Oslo.

Gregory of Ostia May 9 + c 1044. Bishop of Ostia in Italy, he spent much time in Navarre and Old Castile in Spain. He reposed at Logroño.

Atto (St) June 1 c 1044. A monk at Oña in Spain with St Enneco. Later he became Bishop of Oca-Valpuesta.

Gaudentius of Ossero June 1 + 1044. Bishop of Ossero in Istria from 1030 to 1032. In 1042 he left to live as a simple monk in Italy.

Nanterius (Nantier, Nantère) Oct 30 + c 1044. Abbot of Saint-Mihiel in Lorraine in France.

Brithwald Jan 22 + 1045. A monk at Glastonbury, he became Bishop of Ramsbury in 1005. He was a great benefactor of Malmesbury and Glastonbury, where he was buried.

Sigfrid Feb 15 + c 1045. A priest and monk, probably at Glastonbury in England. He went to enlighten Sweden and was based in Vaxjo. One of his converts was King Olaf of Sweden.

Bruno May 27 + 1045. Bishop of Würzburg in Germany, he encouraged church-building and spent his private fortune on this.

Gemma (Hemma, Emma) June 29 + 1045. Left a widow, she founded the monastery of Gurk in Carinthia in Austria and became a nun there.

Gunther Oct 9 955-1045. A cousin of St Stephen of Hungary. He began life full of worldly ambition, but was brought to better ways by St Godehard of Hildesheim and became a monk at Niederaltaich in Bavaria. His ambitious nature asserted itself once more and he became Abbot of Göllingen but proved a failure. Made wise by experience, he went to live as a hermit for twenty-eight years in the mountains of Bakory in Hungary.

Amicus Nov 2 + c 1045. Born near Camerino in Italy, he became a priest, then a hermit and finally a monk at St Peter's in Fonteavellana.

Hilary Nov 21 + c 1045. Born in Matera in the south of Italy, he became Abbot of San Vincenzo in Volturno (1011-1045) and revived monastic life there.

Adalbert Nov 23 + c 1045. A monk at Cassoria in the Abruzzi in Italy. He lived as a hermit on Mt Caramanico near Chieti, where he founded the monastery of St Nicholas.

Guy of Casauria Nov 23 + 1045. A monk at Farfa who became Abbot of Casauria near Chieti in Italy.

Enguerrammus (Angilram) Dec 9 + 1045. Of humble family, he became a monk and Abbot of Saint Riquier in France. He was called 'the Wise'.

Druthmar Feb 15 + 1046. A monk at Lorsch, in 1014 he became Abbot of Corvey in Saxony in Germany

Guy (Guido) March 31 + 1046. Born near Ravenna in Italy, Guy became a monk at the monastery of St Severus, where he became abbot. Later he went to the monastery of Pomposa near Ferrara.

Richard of St Vannes June 14 + 1046. Called 'Gratia Dei, 'Thanks be to God', from a phrase he often said. He became a monk at St Vannes in Verdun in the north of France.

Gerard Sagredo Sept 24 + 1046. Apostle of Hungary, where he is venerated as St Collert. Born in Venice, he was a monk and Abbot of San Giorgio Maggiore. On a pilgrimage to Palestine he was stopped while travelling through Hungary by King Stephen and persuaded to stay. He became the first Bishop of Csanad. Gerard worked zealously, but during the pagan reaction after St Stephen he was martyred in Buda and his body was thrown into the Danube.

Stephen of Apt Nov 6 975-1046. Born in Agde, he became Bishop of Apt in the south of France in 1010.

Poppo Jan 25 978-1048. Born in Flanders, after a military career he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Rome. On his return he became a monk at St Thierry in Rheims in 1006. Two years later he moved to Saint-Vannes and then to Vaast in Arras. In 1021 he became Abbot of Stavelot-Malmédy in Belgium and the monastic revival soon spread to other monasteries, among others to Hautmont, Marchiennes, St Maximinus of Trier in Germany and St Vaast in Arras in France.

Clarus Feb 1 + c 1048. An ascetic and hermit in Seligenstadt near Mainz in Germany.

Isarnus (Ysarn) of Toulouse Sept 24 + 1048. Born in Marseilles in France, he became a monk and an abbot. He was famous for his charity, especially towards criminals.

Ysarn Sept 24 + 1048. Born near Toulouse in France, he became a monk and then Abbot of the monastery of St Victor in Marseilles, which flourished under him.

Odilo May 11 c 962-1049. Of a noble family in Auvergne in France, he became a monk at the monastery of Cluny in about 990 and abbot in 994. Gentle and kind, he was known for his generosity to the poor.

Erembert I Jan 24 + c 1050. Abbot of Kremsmünster in Austria.

John Angelus Jan 31 + c 1050. Born in Venice in Italy, he became a monk at Pomposa.

Oliver (Oliverius, Liberius) Feb 3 + c 1050. A monk at Santa Maria di Portonuovo in Ancona in Italy.

Casilda Apr 9 + c 1050. Born in Toledo, she was of Moorish parentage. She became Orthodox and led the life of an anchoress near Briviesca near Burgos. She was greatly venerated throughout Spain.

Alferius, (Alpherius, Adalfericus) Apr 12 930-1050. A Norman by origin, he was born in Salerno. Sent as an ambassador to France, there he fell ill and became a monk. The Duke of Salerno asked for his return and Alferius settled at Mt Fenestra near Salerno. There he founded the monastery of La Cava which became very influential in the south of Italy.

Guinizo May 26 + c 1050. Born in Spain, he became a monk at Montecassino in Italy and remained as a hermit on the holy mountain after one of the destructions of the monastery.

Elsiar June 4 + c 1050. A monk at Saint-Savin in Lavedan in France.

Landericus June 10 + 1050 (?). A monk at Novalese in Savoy in Italy, drowned in the River Arc by evildoers.

Alberic Aug 29 + c 1050. A monk who lived at Bagno de Romagua in Italy.

Peter of Trevi Aug 30 + 1050. Born in Carsoli in Italy, he preached to the peasants of Tivoli, Anagni and Subiaco. He reposed when still young in Trevi near Subiaco.

Giles and Arcanus Sept 1 + c 1050. Giles was born in Spain and together with the Italian St Arcanus, founded a monastery to enshrine relics which they had brought from Palestine. This later grew into Borgo San Sepulcro in central Italy.

Willa Oct 15 + c 1050. A nun at Nonnberg near Salzburg in Austria who reposed as an anchoress.

Bruno Dec 24 + c 1050. A holy man at the monastery of Ottobeuren in Bavaria in Germany.

Davinus June 3 + 1051. Born in Annenia, he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and Compostella. On his way he stopped in Lucca, where he reposed and was venerated as a saint.

Cunegund May 4 + c 1052. A nun at the convent of Niedermunster in Ratisbon in Germany.

Procopius July 4 (In the East Apr 1) c 980-1053. Born in Czechia, he was ordained in Prague. Later he became a hermit and finally founded the monastery of Sazava.

Bardo June 10 982-1053. Born in Oppershofen in Germany, he became a monk at Fulda. In 1029 he became Abbot of Werden on the Ruhr and in 1031 Abbot of Hersfeld and also Archbishop of Mainz. He was noted for his ascetic life, his love for the poor and for animals.

Alfwold March 25 + 1058. A monk at Winchester who was chosen as Bishop of Sherborne in 1045. He was known for his great devotion to Sts Cuthbert and Swithun.

Bartholomew of Rossano Nov 11 + 1065. A Greek, he was born in Rossano in Calabria in Italy. He followed St Nilus to the foundation of Grottaferrata in Frascati near Rome and St Bartholomew is considered as its second founder. He persuaded Pope Benedict IX (+1055) to repent for his sins.

Nicholas the Pilgrim June 2 1075-1094. A Greek Fool-for-Christ who went to the south of Italy and wandered through Apulia carrying a cross, crying 'Kyrie eleison', calling for repentance. Crowds of people, especially children, followed him repeating the same cry. He was taken for a simpleton but after his repose in Trani, aged nineteen, so many miracles took place at his tomb that he was recognised as a saint.

Anastasius Aug 14 Early 11th cent. Abbot (996-1006) of Pannonhalma in Hungary and then second Archbishop of Eszterzom and primate of Hungary.

Vacz Nov 26 11th cent. A hermit in Visegrád in the mountains of Pilis in Hungary.